Transporter

A transporter was a device that could "beam in" or "beam out" cargo or people to and from starships. The chief transporter operator on a Starfleet facility was called a transporter chief. They were often stacked together in so-called "transporter rooms".

Folded-space transporter
Based on the Elway Theorem, the folded-space transporter was capable of much longer range than regular transporters, due to the dimensional shifts involved.

Components
Transporters normally included a pattern buffer.

Limitations
Normal transporters could only be operated within a 40,000-km range. In addition, transporters were inoperable in areas under ion storms and deflector shields. (Star Fleet Battles).