Science laboratory

A science laboratory (often called science labs, laboratories or labs for short) is an area set up for work in experimental or observational science. Areas like these were commonplace in several races' starships while the Klingon Empire were known to eschew scientific facilities on warships. Labs were often operated by the sciences division. (Star Fleet Battles)

Science vessels, like the, often devoted a large percentage of its internal space to science laboratories. 

starships contained a variety of labs on decks 14 and 15, one of which could be used for both analytical chemistry and mass spectroscopy.

galactic survey cruisers contained enough laboratories to rival even the largest Federation battleships.