New Chicago was a city on Cestus III.
New Chicago was established on Cestus III by the late 24th century. (TNG novel: Articles of the Federation) Its baseball team, the New Chicago Cubs, was part of the Cestus Baseball League. (Star Trek: Pendragon: "Wanderers, Seekers, Warriors, Thinkers"; "Sometimes It Comes In the Clouds")
The Cestus III city was presumably named after the city of Chicago on Earth, as well as the settlement on Mars that had been established in the 22nd century.